Attractive people are usually at a slight advantage when it comes to getting a job. But a new study finds that for women in traditionally masculine fields, beauty can be a burden.
Attractive women were “discriminated against” when applying for jobs considered “masculine”and for which appearance was not seen as important to the job, according to a study published in the May/June issue of the Journal of Social Psychology. Such positions included job titles like manager of research and development, director of finance, mechanical engineer and construction supervisor.
Stefanie Johnson，author of the study, found in one experiment, participants were given 204 photos of university students (all Caucasian and dressed in business clothing) and asked to rate their attractiveness on a scale of one to seven. The participants were then asked to rate how suitable each person in the photographs would be for a series of occupations.
In a second study participants were asked to rate candidates for four jobs: prison guard, car salesperson, secretary and social worker. The first two jobs were considered masculine, and the second two, feminine. Appearance was judged to be unimportant for prison guards and social workers, and important for car salespeople and secretaries.
The results showed that attractive women received high ratings for the two feminine jobs and for the car sales job, in which physical appearance was important. But for the prison guard job, a masculine job in which physical attractiveness wasn't important, pretty women were rated significantly lower. For men, attractiveness was a boon across all job categories.
在找工作的時(shí)候，漂亮的人往往要比一般人略具優(yōu)勢(shì)，更容易獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)。然而，一項(xiàng)最新研究表明在傳統(tǒng)男性工作領(lǐng)域中，漂亮對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)就是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)了。
在申請(qǐng)帶有“男性”性質(zhì)的工作和外貌并不重要的工作時(shí)，有魅力的女性就受到了歧視，社會(huì)心理學(xué)雜志5月和6月的合刊發(fā)表調(diào)查研究表明。 這些工作包括研究發(fā)展經(jīng)理、金融主管、機(jī)械工程師和工程監(jiān)理。
在一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)中，調(diào)查報(bào)道作者史丹芬•約翰遜發(fā)現(xiàn)，調(diào)查者給予204張高校學(xué)生的照片，讓他們按漂亮指數(shù)1至7級(jí)給予打分。然后詢問(wèn)被調(diào)查者照片中的人是否適合一些職位。
在第二個(gè)試驗(yàn)中，研究參與者被要求評(píng)估下列四份工作：監(jiān)獄警衛(wèi)、汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售人員、秘書(shū)和社會(huì)工作者。前兩份工作被認(rèn)為具有“男性”性質(zhì)，后兩份工作被評(píng)定為具有“女性”特質(zhì)。對(duì)于監(jiān)獄警衛(wèi)和社會(huì)工作者來(lái)說(shuō)，面貌并不是很重要；而對(duì)于銷(xiāo)售人員和秘書(shū)來(lái)說(shuō)，面貌尤為重要。
結(jié)果顯示，漂亮女性在兩項(xiàng)帶有“女性”性質(zhì)的工作中獲得非常高的分?jǐn)?shù)，尤其是汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售工作，外貌非常重要。但是對(duì)于監(jiān)獄警衛(wèi)這份很具有“男性”特質(zhì)的工作來(lái)說(shuō)，外貌漂亮就不重要了，漂亮的女性獲得非常低的分?jǐn)?shù)。在整個(gè)工作領(lǐng)域中，英俊的男士都是非常受歡迎。
