英語倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)對很多看學(xué)生來說都很陌生,因為他們在日常生活中極少用到倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。所以在中遇到倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),難倒了不少考生。為此,我們特請名師給您詳解倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)知識。
1.倒裝句型
a) 完全倒裝
將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,稱之為完全倒裝。例如:
Now comes the chance. 機會來了。
b) 部分倒裝
只將助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前,謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
2. 倒裝的原因
a) 一些句型的固定用法。
例如:Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
b) 強調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動。
例如:Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
3. 倒裝句的基本用法
在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個一個地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了!
a) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時:
Only then did he realize his mistakes 。 只有在那時他才認識到自己的錯誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well 。 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
b) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no
sooner…than)放在句首時:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the
sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
c) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.
他沒有去過農(nóng)村,他也不想去那里。
d) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear
him 。 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他幾乎看不見。
重點難點釋疑:
1. so作“也”講時,引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語序。
]例如:He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結(jié)果的意思,句子就要用正常語序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實如此。”
2 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
3. 在虛擬語氣中,如果非真實條件句省略if,須將主句中的were, had和should等助動詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。
例如:Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating.
假如他年輕一些,他就會去學(xué)溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with
them, they would get lost in the woods. 如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話,他們就會在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task
was, they wouldn’t have refused to accept it.
假如他們認識到這個任務(wù)是多么重要的話,他們就不致于拒絕接受這項任務(wù)。