3. before, since
(1)before引導(dǎo)的從句中一般不用否定式謂語,常用句型有:
①It is long before…
②t is not long before…
③It will be some time before…do…
④It was some time before…did…
【例5】John thinks it won’t be long ______ he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
答案:C。
點撥:此題從主、從句的時態(tài)上可判斷要用上述句式③,句意為“約翰認(rèn)為他不久就能為新工作作好準(zhǔn)備”。
【注意】before引導(dǎo)從句時,詞義非常靈活,注意下列句子中的before的詞義。
①Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(還沒來得及……就)
②We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(還沒……就)
③We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(……才……)
④Please write it down before you forget it.(趁還……沒就)
【例6】The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.
A. when B. since C. after D. before
答案:D。
點撥:此題所給的四個選項干擾性都很大,要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的意思兩方面考慮,句中的before 本意為“在……之前”,在這里相當(dāng)于“……才……”,整句的意思是“大火燃燒了相當(dāng)一段時間才得到控制”。
(2)since意為“自從……”,主句用完成時。
【例7】Problems relating to people’s livelihood(民生)have been the focus of the government,especially_____ Premiel Wen Jiabao included them in his government work report last year.
A.when B.if C.since D.until
答案:C。
點撥:此題從句意和主句的時態(tài)看,應(yīng)用since表示“自從……”之意,其他選項在時態(tài)和意思上都不符合。此句意思是“有關(guān)民生的問題已經(jīng)成了政府工作的重點,尤其是自從溫家寶總理去年將民生寫入政府工作報告以來。”
【注意】在It is ...since +v這個句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動詞(瞬間動詞),所表示的是否定的(反譯);若用延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞,所表示的是肯定的(直譯)。如:
①It is 3 years since I started smoking.
我吸煙3年了。(start表示一種狀態(tài)。因此句子用肯定的翻譯)
②It is 3 years since I smoked.
我戒煙有三年了。(smoke是瞬間動詞,表示瞬間動作或者短暫時間的動作,因此用反譯。)
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