很多考生在時,因為一個語法錯誤而漏掉分數(shù),多少會有些惱悔,下面對雅思寫作詞匯中常錯詞匯進行了分析,大家參考借鑒一下。
1、assume 及claim
think,assume,claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際中,同學們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:
Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。 翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。
Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it!》g為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實依據(jù)是不確定的。
Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it!》g為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。 所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內(nèi)容,
Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:
We are considering buying a new car。
2、such as與for example
在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。
但是同學們對于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準確。后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。
這里的such as改為for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。
3、介詞使用錯誤
普通介詞的誤用:一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當然會影響最終成績。
“to”作為介詞的誤用:“to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現(xiàn)的,同學們也習慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現(xiàn)錯誤。但是對于與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經(jīng)常犯錯,如:
More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當于名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”。“take to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:
He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號。
類似的常用用法請同學們牢記:
Be used to doing
Adapt to doing
Adjust to doing
prefer doing sth. to doing sth。
Be accustomed to doing
See to doing
4、compare與contrast
先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。
Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different.
Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。
看個例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。
前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。
后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。
5、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學生雅思作文中的一個病句:I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school。
因為‘suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,句中“continues”部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”。
在此,一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣:
Recommend, suggest, advise