狼真的來(lái)了嗎？這一次狼真的來(lái)了。ETS幾年前醞釀的GRE改革曾經(jīng)宣布終止，但這一次ETS的官網(wǎng)www.ets.org明確指出從2011年8月1日起將在全球?qū)嵭懈母锖蟮腉RE（簡(jiǎn)稱“新GRE”）。為了使中國(guó)考生與全球考生站在同一起跑線上，新航道國(guó)際教育集團(tuán)從數(shù)年前開(kāi)始集中大量?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)資源對(duì)新GRE進(jìn)行研發(fā)，并將發(fā)表系列文章，與中國(guó)的GRE考生分享我們的最新研究成果。本文擬對(duì)新GRE，尤其是語(yǔ)文部分進(jìn)行介紹，希望對(duì)考生有所助益。
一、目前的GRE
GRE目前在中國(guó)大陸實(shí)行機(jī)考與筆試相結(jié)合的考試形式，其中寫(xiě)作（一篇issue，45分鐘；一篇argument，30分鐘）是機(jī)考，語(yǔ)文（verbal，包含句子填空、類比反義詞與閱讀）與數(shù)學(xué)（quantitative）是筆試。每年有多次寫(xiě)作機(jī)考，但是筆試只有兩次（分別為6月與10月各一次），而且必須先參加寫(xiě)作機(jī)考，然后才能參加筆試。寫(xiě)作的滿分是6分，為issue和argument兩篇文章得分的平均分。語(yǔ)文與數(shù)學(xué)部分的滿分分別為800分。
二、改革后的GRE
改革后的GRE，即新GRE，除了其他部分，如寫(xiě)作（issue要求30分鐘完成）與數(shù)學(xué)部分（數(shù)量推理題難度加大）的變化以外，相對(duì)于目前的GRE而言，語(yǔ)文部分發(fā)生了較大變化，一是取消了原來(lái)的純粹詞匯測(cè)試，即中國(guó)考生俗稱為“類比反義詞”的詞匯部分；二是增加了新的填空題和閱讀理解題。ETS之所以對(duì)GRE做如此改革，一個(gè)重要原因是為了提(論壇)試的效度（validity）。下表總結(jié)了新GRE與目前的GRE語(yǔ)文部分每個(gè)section的異同：
總題數(shù) 填空 閱讀 類比反義
目前的GRE 38 7 11 20
新GRE 28 14 14 0
注：新GRE的問(wèn)題類型已經(jīng)完全確定。上述的新GRE各種題型的數(shù)量分布來(lái)自ETS 2006年版的GRE改革計(jì)劃，但是最終的總題數(shù)以及問(wèn)題分布要以ETS 2010年7月公布的樣題為準(zhǔn)。
三、新GRE的語(yǔ)文部分
如上所述，新GRE的語(yǔ)文部分增加了閱讀與填空部分的新題型。新GRE的語(yǔ)文部分包含三大部分：
閱讀理解題（Reading Comprehension Questions），
文本完成題（Text Completion Questions），
句子等值題（Sentence Equivalence Questions）。
具體而言，閱讀理解題包含三種題型：
- 五選一（ Multiple-choice Questions—Select One Answer Choice ）
- 三選多（ Multiple-choice Questions—Select One or More Answer Choices ）
- 句子功能題（ Select-in-Passage ）
其中第一種“五選一”就是目前GRE閱讀的題型。而第二種“三選多”（從三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出所有適合的答案，正確答案數(shù)不定，只選出部分正確答案者不得分）與第三種“句子功能”題（找到原文中與選項(xiàng)描述相一致的句子并點(diǎn)擊該句子）都是閱讀理解部分新增的題型。例如，
Sample questions 1 to 3 below are based on this passage:
Policymakers must confront the dilemma that fossil fuels continue to be an indispensable source of energy even though burning them produces atmospheric accumulations of carbon dioxide that increase the likelihood of potentially disastrous global climate change. Currently, technology that would capture carbon dioxide emitted by power plants and sequester it harmlessly underground or undersea instead of releasing it into the atmosphere might double the cost of generating electricity. But because sequestration does not affect the cost of electricity transmission and distribution, delivered prices will rise less, by no more than 50 percent. Research into better technologies for capturing carbon dioxide will undoubtedly lead to lowered costs.
Sample Multiple-choice Question—Select One Answer Choice（五選一）
1. The passage implies which of the following about the current cost of generating electricity?
A. It is higher than it would be if better technologies for capturing carbon dioxide were available.
B. It is somewhat less than the cost of electricity transmission and distribution.
C. It constitutes at most half of the delivered price of electricity.
D. It is dwelt on by policymakers to the exclusion of other costs associated with electricity delivery.
E. It is not fully recovered by the prices charged directly to electricity consumers.
Sample Multiple-choice Question—Select One or More Answer Choices（三選多）
Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply.
2. The passage suggests that extensive use of sequestration would, over time, have which of the following consequences?
A. The burning of fossil fuels would eventually cease to produce atmospheric accumulations of carbon dioxide.
B. The proportion of the delivered price of electricity due to generation would rise and then decline.
C. Power plants would consume progressively lower quantities of fossil fuels.
Sample Select-in-Passage Question（句子功能題）
3. Select the sentence that explains why an outcome of sequestration that might have been expected would not occur.
文本完成題是語(yǔ)文部分新增的第一種填空題型。在一段文章中，有1至3個(gè)空，每個(gè)空對(duì)應(yīng)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。假如整個(gè)段落只有一個(gè)空，就對(duì)應(yīng)五個(gè)選項(xiàng)。任何一個(gè)空選錯(cuò)整個(gè)段落的答案就算全部錯(cuò)誤。例如，
It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be BLANK by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to BLANK his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the BLANK, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Answer choices for question 1.
Blank 1
Blank 2
Blank 3
overshadowed
enhance
plausibility of our hypotheses
invalidated
obscure
certainty of our entitlement
illuminated
underscore
superficiality of our theories
句子等值題是另一種新增的填空題型，包含一個(gè)句子，而且只有一個(gè)空格，要求從提供的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出兩個(gè)正確答案。只選出一個(gè)正確答案者不得分。例如，
Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as BLANK.
A. orthodox
B. eccentric
C. original
D. trifling
E. conventional
F. innovative
以上是對(duì)新GRE語(yǔ)文部分的簡(jiǎn)要介紹。關(guān)于新GRE的部分，以及新GRE的有效應(yīng)對(duì)策略，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注我們的系列文章——“狼真的來(lái)了嗎”。
